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Talbot County Department of Health
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Drowning Prevention

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Overview

Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States and globally. It can happen quickly and silently, affecting individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Understanding the risks and implementing preventive measures can save lives.

Key Statistics

United States

  • Over 4,500 people died due to drowning each year from 2020–2022, an increase of about 500 deaths per year compared to 2019.
  • Drowning is the leading cause of death among children aged 1–4 years.
  • Adults aged 65 years and older had the second highest rate of drowning, with a 19% increase in deaths among adults aged 65–74 in 2022 compared to 2019.

Global

  • Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide, claiming an estimated 236,000 lives each year.

Who’s at Risk?

  • Children: Drowning is the leading cause of death for children aged 1–4 years and the second leading cause of unintentional injury death for children aged 5–14 years.
  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities:
    • Black people under age 30 have drowning rates 1.5 times higher than White people of the same age group.
    • American Indian or Alaska Native people under age 30 have drowning rates 2 times higher than White people of the same age group.
  • Males: Males are more likely to drown than females, often due to increased exposure to water and risk-taking behaviors.

Prevention Strategies

  • Learn Basic Swimming and Water Safety Skills: Formal swimming lessons can reduce the risk of drowning, especially among children.
  • Supervise Closely: Always supervise children when they are in or near water. Designate a responsible adult to watch children closely and constantly.
  • Use Life Jackets: Wear U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jackets when boating or participating in water activities, regardless of swimming ability.
  • Install Pool Fences: Enclose pools with four-sided fencing that is at least four feet high and has self-closing, self-latching gates to prevent unsupervised access by children.
  • Avoid Alcohol: Do not consume alcohol before or during swimming, boating, or supervising children near water. Alcohol impairs judgment, balance, and coordination.
  • Be Aware of Natural Water Risks: Natural bodies of water can have hazards such as currents, waves, and underwater obstacles. Always swim with a buddy and in designated areas.

Nonfatal Drowning

Nonfatal drowning can result in long-term health problems, including brain damage and other serious outcomes. On average, there are 8,000 nonfatal drownings each year in the United States.