Why It Matters
As temperatures rise, so does the risk of heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heatstroke. These conditions can escalate quickly and are preventable with proper awareness and precautions. Vulnerable populations—such as children, older adults, outdoor workers, and those with chronic illnesses—are especially at risk.
Key Facts
- Heat exhaustion is a serious condition that can lead to heatstroke, a medical emergency.
- High humidity and poor hydration increase risk.
- Even healthy individuals can be affected during intense activity or prolonged sun exposure.
Understanding Heat-Related Illnesses
Heat Exhaustion Symptoms:
- Heavy sweating
- Weakness or fatigue
- Dizziness or fainting
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Cool, pale, clammy skin
- Muscle cramps
Heatstroke Warning Signs (Call 911):
- High body temperature (≥103°F or 39.4°C)
- Confusion or unconsciousness
- Rapid, strong pulse
- Hot, dry, or red skin (no sweating)
Extreme Heat as a Public Health Threat
Climate change is making extreme heat events more frequent, longer-lasting, and more dangerous. Heat is already the leading cause of weather-related deaths in the United States, surpassing hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined.
Extreme heat can also:
- Increase emergency room visits and hospitalizations
- Disrupt electricity and water infrastructure
- Worsen air quality (e.g., ground-level ozone)
- Affect mental health and stress levels
Who Is Most at Risk During Extreme Heat?
- Adults aged 65+
- Children under 4
- People with chronic illnesses (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart disease)
- People taking medications that affect thermoregulation (e.g., diuretics, beta-blockers)
- Pregnant people
- Outdoor workers and athletes
- People without access to air conditioning or stable housing
Prevention Tips
- Stay hydrated—drink water regularly, even if you’re not thirsty.
- Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
- Use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) and reapply every 2 hours.
- Avoid outdoor activities during peak heat (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
- Take frequent shade or indoor breaks if outdoors.
- Never leave children or pets in cars, even briefly.
First Aid: What to Do
If someone shows signs of heat exhaustion:
- Move them to a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned area.
- Lay the person down and elevate legs slightly.
- Offer cool fluids (preferably water).
- Apply cool, damp cloths to the skin or use a fan.
If symptoms worsen or don’t improve within 30 minutes— call emergency services immediately.
Vulnerable Groups Need Special Attention
- Elderly adults may not feel heat stress as strongly.
- Infants and young children cannot regulate body temperature well.
- People with chronic conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes) are at higher risk.
- Outdoor workers and athletes should follow strict hydration and cooling protocols.
Public Health Preparedness
Our department works to:
- Issue heat advisories and alerts.
- Open cooling centers during extreme heat.
- Partner with community agencies to protect vulnerable populations.
- Promote public education through campaigns and outreach.
Resources & Tools
- Check the Heat Index daily through your local weather service.
- Visit cooling centers in Talbot County during extreme heat.
- Use apps or alerts for UV exposure and heat risk.
- Access CDC and OSHA guidance for heat safety planning.
- Click here to access the CDC HeatRisk tool